CBT interventions for depression generally focus on helping clients become more engaged in activities that they value and have given up since becoming depressed. Notwithstanding the implications aforementioned, the current study has a number of limitations that should be mentioned. They also interpreted their findings as suggesting that the CES-D may be more effective in non-clinical populations. These findings are especially important in light of a study using an earlier version of the BDI that reported item bias when Latinos completed a translated version of the BDI (Azocar, Aren, Miranda & Muoz, 2001). PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, The BDI is used to measure the severity of depression. 4. 2011;63 Suppl 11:S454-S466. Lack of unidimensionality and longitudinal measurement invariance in four common rating scales of depression. Scales for both groups had good internal consistencies. Cons: 1. The items on the BDI-II were developed to assess an individual's depressive symptoms based on DSM-IV criteria for depressive disorders. . Subsequent reliability analysis of the BDI-II total score and subscale scores showed acceptable to high internal consistency, with alpha coefficients ranging from .70 to .89. (2002). Sprinkle, S.D., Lurie, D., Insko, S.L., Atkinson, G., Jones, G.L., Logan, A.R., & Bissada, N.N. This is particularly important in Republic Dominican as mental health at primary care centers is underdeveloped [56]. There are several other depression screens that are not proprietary and are in the public domain for use. No, Is the Subject Area "Psychometrics" applicable to this article? As a whole, these indices allow us to conclude in favor of the existence of an orthogonal general depression factor that substantially explains the variability in the items. The revised BDI, known as the BDI-II, is the most widely used version of the questionnaire. In addition, the internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's statistic, and validity evidence was provided by comparing the BDI-II scores of the general population and the hospital population; to do so, successive Student's t tests were carried out for independent samples applying a HolmBonferroni adjustment to control for Type 1 error. Reliability of the BDI-II with deaf persons. Subica et al. Journal of Personality Assessment, 78, 451-460. The BDI includes 21 items, each of which corresponds to a symptom of depression. For instance, there are two responses under the Mood heading that score a 2: (2a) I am blue or sad all the time and I cant snap out of it and (2b) I am so sad or unhappy that it is very painful. Although the psychometric properties of the scale have been well established through many studies worldwide, so far there is no study examining the validity and reliability of BDI-II in Republic Dominican. Psychometric characteristics of the Beck Depression Inventory II with college students of diverse ethnicity. This can be caused by big events, small events, or just being a . Earlier, most psychiatrists believed that the cause of depression was related to the Freudian . The Beck Depression Inventory Abimbola Farinde 1* 1. Sanz, Perdign, & Vsquez (2003) examined the psychometrics of the Spanish adaptation of the BDI-II with 470 non-clinical adults. Storch, E.A., Roberti, J.W., & Roth, D.A. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911. Psychiatry Investig. Overview: Measure negative attitudes about the future. As an additional criterion, the value was divided by the degrees of freedom (/df), with the aim of obtaining values lower than 3 in order to consider the model a good fit [50,51]. Byrne, B.M., Stewart, S.M., & Lee, P.W.H. (1998) examined the psychometrics of the BDI-II with adolescent outpatients and found good internal consistency. Health action to be taken in form of counselling about the pros and cons in the early phase can prevent future complications. This population consisted of 317 females and 183 males; 91% Caucasian, 4% African American, 4% Asian American, and 1% Latino. Eaton WW, Neufeld K, Chen LS, Cai G. A comparison of self-report and clinical diagnostic interviews for depression: diagnostic interview schedule and schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry in the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area follow-up. Background: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) has demonstrated excellent psychometric properties and good performance as a screening measure in different contexts and languages. It has been utilized both in clinical and research purposes with high reliability and validity as it is evidenced . Project administration, * E-mail: zgarcia@pucmm.edu.do, zoiloegarcia@gmail.com. As expected, t-test analysis revealed that BDI-II scores discriminated between individuals from hospital and general population. Psychometric properties of the Spanish Beck Depression Inventory-II in a medical sample. Yes 2016;28(11):1354-1367. doi:10.1037/pas0000275, Dere J, Watters CA, Yu SC, Bagby RM, Ryder AG, Harkness KL. The Beck Depression Inventory II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory in People with Intellectual Disabilities: Factor Analyses and Group Data. (2005). Chandra Ghosh Ippen, Ph.D., Robyn Igelman, M.A., Nicole Taylor, Ph.D., Madhur Kulkarni, M.S. The BDI was developed by Aaron T. Beck and Colleagues in 1961 and he believed that negative cognitive . Since Mardias kurtosis multivariate coefficient was 338.70 thus indicating a significant deviation from multivariate normality according to benchmarks [47]the Asymptotic Distribution-Free method was used for model estimation. Cross-cultural validation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in Japan. The measure has been found to be useful in detecting change in treatment-outcome studies. Yes Penley, J.A., Wiebe, J.S., & Nwosu, A. In general, neither the unidimensional model nor the one, two and three factor models reached acceptable fit indices. 1 I feel sad 2 I am sad all the time and I can't snap out of it. The NCTSN is funded by the Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and jointly coordinated by UCLA and Duke University. This is a copyrighted measure. Lack of unidimensionality and longitudinal measurement invariance in four common rating scales of depression, Cross-cultural examination of measurement invariance of the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review, Reliability and Validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II among Korean Adolescents, Discriminant validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory to confirmed clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Vegetative symptoms (refers to changes in sleep patterns, and appetite). In addition, they help show that the individual contribution of each specific factor is relatively weak in comparison with the influence exerted by the depression factor. Data Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Ehlers, A., Clark, D., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., & Fennel, M. (2005). Journal of Personality Assessment, 77, 568-580. Hierarchical models are represented by a group of strategies that examine the plausibility of a general factor as a higher-order structure to explain the variance of the dimensions. The CDI was developed by Kovacs in 1977 using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, 1967), and was formally published in 1992. Universidad Arturo Michelena, Valencia, Venezuela, Affiliations The cut-off points of values greater than .95 reported by Hu and Bentler [48] and Joreskog and Sorboms [49] were used for the CFI and GFI indices in order to consider an optimal fit, and greater than .90 for an acceptable fit. Psychol Assess. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Internal reliability was moderate to high for all subscales and for the total scale. The BDI-II is widely used and accepted as a measure of depressive symptomatology. Carmody (2005) examined the psychometrics of the BDI-II with a diverse group of college students. What Is the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale? Factor structure, concurrent validity, and internal consistency of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition in a sample of college students. Bifactor models, in contrast, allow to examine a non-hierarchical general factor independently of the specific factors and to simultaneously test the extent to which the common variance between items are explained by the orthogonal general factor and by the specific factors that are tested [32]. An inventory for measuring depression. The BDI was developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, a psychiatrist, and released in 1961. The CDI is used to scale the severity of depressive symptoms in children. If you are concerned about your level of depression, it is important to discuss your symptoms with a mental health professional. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), created by Aaron T. Beck, MD, and colleagues, is a 21-item multiple-choice self-report inventory that measures the severity of an anxiety in adults and adolescents. . The nine items of the PHQ-9 are based directly on the nine diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder in the DSM-IV. The Spanish adaption of Becks Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II): Psychometric properties in the general population/Adapatacin espaola del Inventario para la Depresin de Beck-II (BDI-II): Propriedades psicomtricas en poblacin general. Perceptions of the environment, suicidal ideation and problem-solving deficits in an offender population. Due to the face validity of the BDI-II, underreporting and overreporting may be likely. Moreover, despite most of the items variances were accounted by the general depression factor, the three specific factors (cognitive, affective, and somatic) explained a non-redundant amount of variance. The authors revised the BDI to be more consistent with the criteria for depression found in the DSM-IV. Kumar, Steer, Teitelman, & Villacis (2001) examined adolescents who had cutoff scores of 21 and above. Archives of general psychiatry, 4(6), 561-571. 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